Security Complete Learning Roadmap - Secret Management & Scanning/Hardening¶

🎯 Mục tiêu: Master DevSecOps Security trong 10-12 tháng¶

Tập trung chính:

Secret Management: HashiCorp Vault, AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault
Security Scanning: Trivy, Snyk, SonarQube, OWASP ZAP
Hardening: CIS Benchmarks, Security Baselines, Compliance

🔐 GIAI ĐOẠN 1: SECURITY FUNDAMENTALS (Tháng 1-2)¶

Week 1: Security Fundamentals¶

Search Keywords để học:

[ ] "DevSecOps principles and practices"
[ ] "Security by design software development"
[ ] "CIA triad confidentiality integrity availability"
[ ] "Zero trust security model"
[ ] "Defense in depth strategy"
[ ] "Security threat modeling"
[ ] "OWASP Top 10 vulnerabilities"
[ ] "Security compliance frameworks PCI DSS SOC2"

Core Security Concepts:

[ ] Authentication vs Authorization
[ ] Encryption at rest vs in transit
[ ] Public key infrastructure (PKI)
[ ] Certificate management
[ ] Security policies and procedures
[ ] Incident response planning

Week 2: Cryptography Basics¶

Search Keywords để học:

[ ] "Symmetric vs asymmetric encryption"
[ ] "RSA AES encryption algorithms"
[ ] "Digital signatures and certificates"
[ ] "Hash functions SHA-256 MD5"
[ ] "Key exchange protocols Diffie-Hellman"
[ ] "TLS SSL certificate management"
[ ] "Password hashing bcrypt scrypt"
[ ] "Cryptographic key rotation"

Cryptography Practice:

# OpenSSL examples
openssl genrsa -out private.key 2048
openssl rsa -in private.key -pubout -out public.key
openssl dgst -sha256 -sign private.key -out signature.bin file.txt
openssl dgst -sha256 -verify public.key -signature signature.bin file.txt

# Generate certificates
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365

Week 3: Identity & Access Management¶

Search Keywords để học:

[ ] "Identity and Access Management IAM"
[ ] "Role-based access control RBAC"
[ ] "Attribute-based access control ABAC"
[ ] "Single sign-on SSO implementation"
[ ] "Multi-factor authentication MFA"
[ ] "OAuth 2.0 OpenID Connect"
[ ] "SAML authentication protocol"
[ ] "Privileged access management PAM"

IAM Implementation:

# AWS IAM Policy example
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement":
    [
      {
        "Effect": "Allow",
        "Action": ["s3:GetObject", "s3:PutObject"],
        "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::my-bucket/*",
        "Condition":
          {
            "StringEquals":
              { "s3:ExistingObjectTag/Environment": "Production" },
          },
      },
    ],
}

Week 4: Network Security Basics¶

Search Keywords để học:

[ ] "Network security fundamentals"
[ ] "Firewall configuration iptables"
[ ] "VPN setup and management"
[ ] "Network segmentation strategies"
[ ] "Intrusion detection systems IDS"
[ ] "Network monitoring and logging"
[ ] "DDoS protection strategies"
[ ] "Web application firewall WAF"

🔑 GIAI ĐOẠN 2: SECRET MANAGEMENT MASTERY (Tháng 3-5)¶

Week 5: Secret Management Fundamentals¶

Search Keywords để học:

[ ] "Secret management best practices"
[ ] "Secrets vs configuration management"
[ ] "Secret rotation strategies"
[ ] "Secret scanning in source code"
[ ] "Environment variable security"
[ ] "Secret injection into containers"
[ ] "Secret lifecycle management"
[ ] "Secret sprawl prevention"

Secret Management Concepts:

# Bad practices to avoid
export DB_PASSWORD="plaintext123"  # Never do this
echo "password123" > config.txt    # Never do this

# Better approaches
export DB_PASSWORD_FILE="/run/secrets/db_password"
vault kv get -field=password secret/myapp/db

Week 6: HashiCorp Vault Fundamentals¶

Search Keywords để học:

[ ] "HashiCorp Vault installation setup"
[ ] "Vault authentication methods"
[ ] "Vault secret engines KV database"
[ ] "Vault policies and access control"
[ ] "Vault token management"
[ ] "Vault seal and unseal process"
[ ] "Vault high availability clustering"
[ ] "Vault auto-unseal with cloud KMS"

Vault Basic Commands:

# Vault setup and basic operations
vault server -dev
export VAULT_ADDR='http://127.0.0.1:8200'
vault auth -method=userpass username=myuser

# Secret operations
vault kv put secret/myapp username=admin password=secret
vault kv get secret/myapp
vault kv get -field=password secret/myapp

# Policy creation
vault policy write myapp-policy - <<EOF
path "secret/data/myapp/*" {
  capabilities = ["create", "read", "update", "delete", "list"]
}
EOF

Week 7: Vault Advanced Features¶

Search Keywords để học:

[ ] "Vault dynamic secrets generation"
[ ] "Vault database secrets engine"
[ ] "Vault AWS secrets engine"
[ ] "Vault PKI certificate authority"
[ ] "Vault transit encryption as service"
[ ] "Vault agent auto-auth"
[ ] "Vault Kubernetes integration"
[ ] "Vault secret injection Kubernetes"

Advanced Vault Configuration:

# Enable database secrets engine
vault secrets enable database
vault write database/config/my-mysql-database \
    plugin_name=mysql-database-plugin \
    connection_url="{{username}}:{{password}}@tcp(localhost:3306)/" \
    allowed_roles="my-role" \
    username="root" \
    password="mysql-root-password"

# Create role for dynamic credentials
vault write database/roles/my-role \
    db_name=my-mysql-database \
    creation_statements="CREATE USER '{{name}}'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '{{password}}';GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO '{{name}}'@'%';" \
    default_ttl="1h" \
    max_ttl="24h"

# Generate dynamic credentials
vault read database/creds/my-role

Week 8: Cloud Secret Management¶

Search Keywords để học:

[ ] "AWS Secrets Manager tutorial"
[ ] "AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store"
[ ] "Azure Key Vault configuration"
[ ] "Google Secret Manager setup"
[ ] "Cloud secret rotation automation"
[ ] "Cross-cloud secret management"
[ ] "Cloud IAM integration secrets"
[ ] "Secret Manager pricing comparison"

AWS Secrets Manager:

# AWS CLI commands
aws secretsmanager create-secret \
    --name prod/myapp/db \
    --description "Database credentials for myapp" \
    --secret-string '{"username":"admin","password":"mysecretpassword"}'

# Retrieve secret
aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id prod/myapp/db

# Python application integration
import boto3
import json

def get_secret():
    client = boto3.client('secretsmanager')
    response = client.get_secret_value(SecretId='prod/myapp/db')
    return json.loads(response['SecretString'])

Week 9: Kubernetes Secret Management¶

Search Keywords để học:

[ ] "Kubernetes secrets management"
[ ] "External Secrets Operator ESO"
[ ] "Sealed Secrets Bitnami"
[ ] "Kubernetes Secret Store CSI Driver"
[ ] "Vault Agent Injector Kubernetes"
[ ] "SOPS secrets encryption"
[ ] "Kubernetes RBAC for secrets"
[ ] "Secret rotation in Kubernetes"

Kubernetes Secret Examples:

# Native Kubernetes Secret
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: mysecret
type: Opaque
data:
  username: YWRtaW4= # base64 encoded
  password: MWYyZDFlMmU2N2Rm # base64 encoded

---
# External Secrets Operator
apiVersion: external-secrets.io/v1beta1
kind: SecretStore
metadata:
  name: vault-backend
spec:
  provider:
    vault:
      server: "http://vault.vault:8200"
      path: "secret"
      version: "v2"
      auth:
        kubernetes:
          mountPath: "kubernetes"
          role: "myapp"

---
apiVersion: external-secrets.io/v1beta1
kind: ExternalSecret
metadata:
  name: vault-secret
spec:
  refreshInterval: 30s
  secretStoreRef:
    name: vault-backend
    kind: SecretStore
  target:
    name: myapp-secret
  data:
    - secretKey: password
      remoteRef:
        key: secret/myapp
        property: password

Week 10: Secret Management in CI/CD¶

Search Keywords để học:

[ ] "CI/CD pipeline secret management"
[ ] "GitHub Actions secrets management"
[ ] "GitLab CI secrets and variables"
[ ] "Jenkins credential management"
[ ] "Secret scanning in CI/CD"
[ ] "Dynamic secrets in pipelines"
[ ] "Secret injection best practices"
[ ] "CI/CD secret rotation"

CI/CD Secret Examples:

# GitHub Actions with Vault
name: Deploy with Vault Secrets
on: [push]
jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Get secrets from Vault
        uses: hashicorp/vault-action@v2
        with:
          url: ${{ secrets.VAULT_URL }}
          token: ${{ secrets.VAULT_TOKEN }}
          secrets: |
            secret/data/myapp username | DB_USERNAME;
            secret/data/myapp password | DB_PASSWORD
      - name: Deploy application
        env:
          DB_USERNAME: ${{ env.DB_USERNAME }}
          DB_PASSWORD: ${{ env.DB_PASSWORD }}
        run: ./deploy.sh

🛡️ GIAI ĐOẠN 3: SECURITY SCANNING & HARDENING (Tháng 6-8)¶

Week 11: Security Scanning Fundamentals¶

Search Keywords để học:

[ ] "Security scanning types SAST DAST IAST"
[ ] "Vulnerability assessment methodology"
[ ] "Security testing in SDLC"
[ ] "Automated security scanning tools"
[ ] "False positive management"
[ ] "Security scan result analysis"
[ ] "Vulnerability prioritization CVSS"
[ ] "Security scanning CI/CD integration"

Scanning Types:

# Static Application Security Testing (SAST)
sonar-scanner \
  -Dsonar.projectKey=myproject \
  -Dsonar.sources=. \
  -Dsonar.host.url=http://localhost:9000

# Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST)
zap-baseline.py -t http://example.com

# Container Image Scanning
trivy image nginx:latest
docker run --rm -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
  aquasec/trivy:latest image nginx:latest

Week 12: Container & Infrastructure Scanning¶

Search Keywords để học:

[ ] "Container image vulnerability scanning"
[ ] "Trivy container scanner tutorial"
[ ] "Docker image security scanning"
[ ] "Kubernetes security scanning tools"
[ ] "Infrastructure as Code security scanning"
[ ] "Terraform security scanning tfsec"
[ ] "Docker Bench security assessment"
[ ] "CIS benchmarks container scanning"

Container Scanning Tools:

# Trivy comprehensive scanning
trivy image --severity HIGH,CRITICAL nginx:latest
trivy fs --security-checks vuln,config .
trivy k8s --report summary cluster

# Docker Bench Security
docker run --rm --net host --pid host --userns host --cap-add audit_control \
    -e DOCKER_CONTENT_TRUST=$DOCKER_CONTENT_TRUST \
    -v /var/lib:/var/lib:ro \
    -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro \
    -v /usr/lib/systemd:/usr/lib/systemd:ro \
    -v /etc:/etc:ro --label docker_bench_security \
    docker/docker-bench-security

# Grype for vulnerability scanning
grype nginx:latest
grype dir:.
grype sbom:./my-sbom.json

Week 13: Application Security Scanning¶

Search Keywords để học:

[ ] "SonarQube setup and configuration"
[ ] "OWASP ZAP automated scanning"
[ ] "Snyk vulnerability scanning"
[ ] "Code quality security gates"
[ ] "Dependency vulnerability scanning"
[ ] "License compliance scanning"
[ ] "Secret detection in source code"
[ ] "API security testing"

Application Security Tools:

# SonarQube analysis
sonar-scanner \
  -Dsonar.projectKey=myapp \
  -Dsonar.sources=src \
  -Dsonar.host.url=http://sonarqube:9000 \
  -Dsonar.login=admin \
  -Dsonar.password=admin

# OWASP ZAP scanning
zap-full-scan.py -t http://example.com -r zap-report.html
zap-api-scan.py -t http://example.com/openapi.json -f openapi

# Snyk scanning
snyk test
snyk monitor
snyk test --docker nginx:latest
snyk iac test terraform/

Week 14: Compliance & Hardening Standards¶

Search Keywords để học:

[ ] "CIS benchmarks security standards"
[ ] "NIST cybersecurity framework"
[ ] "PCI DSS compliance requirements"
[ ] "SOC 2 Type II compliance"
[ ] "ISO 27001 information security"
[ ] "GDPR data protection compliance"
[ ] "Security baseline configuration"
[ ] "Compliance automation tools"

CIS Benchmark Implementation:

# CIS-CAT assessment tool
./CIS-CAT.sh -a -s -r /path/to/reports

# OpenSCAP security compliance
oscap xccdf eval --profile xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_profile_pci-dss \
    --results results.xml --report report.html \
    /usr/share/xml/scap/ssg/content/ssg-rhel8-ds.xml

# Ansible hardening playbooks
ansible-playbook -i inventory hardening.yml

Week 15: Infrastructure Hardening¶

Search Keywords để học:

[ ] "Linux server hardening checklist"
[ ] "Windows server security hardening"
[ ] "Network infrastructure hardening"
[ ] "Database security hardening"
[ ] "Web server hardening Apache Nginx"
[ ] "SSH hardening configuration"
[ ] "Firewall configuration best practices"
[ ] "System monitoring for security"

System Hardening Examples:

# SSH hardening
# /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Protocol 2
PermitRootLogin no
PasswordAuthentication no
PubkeyAuthentication yes
AllowUsers myuser
MaxAuthTries 3
ClientAliveInterval 300
ClientAliveCountMax 2

# Firewall configuration (iptables)
iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
iptables -P INPUT DROP

# System auditing
auditctl -w /etc/passwd -p wa -k user-modify
auditctl -w /etc/group -p wa -k group-modify
auditctl -w /var/log/auth.log -p wa -k auth-logs

Week 16: Cloud Security Hardening¶

Search Keywords để học:

[ ] "AWS security best practices"
[ ] "Azure security center configuration"
[ ] "GCP security command center"
[ ] "Cloud security posture management CSPM"
[ ] "Cloud workload protection platform CWPP"
[ ] "Multi-cloud security management"
[ ] "Cloud compliance automation"
[ ] "Cloud security monitoring"

Cloud Security Configuration:

# AWS Security Hub
aws securityhub enable-security-hub
aws securityhub get-findings

# AWS Config Rules
aws configservice put-config-rule --config-rule file://security-rule.json

# Azure Security Center
az security assessment list
az security alert list

# GCP Security Command Center
gcloud scc assets list --organization=ORGANIZATION_ID
gcloud scc findings list --organization=ORGANIZATION_ID

🔒 GIAI ĐOẠN 4: ADVANCED SECURITY AUTOMATION (Tháng 9-10)¶

Week 17-18: Security as Code¶

Search Keywords để học:

[ ] "Security as Code implementation"
[ ] "Policy as Code with Open Policy Agent"
[ ] "Compliance as Code automation"
[ ] "Security testing automation"
[ ] "Infrastructure security automation"
[ ] "Security orchestration SOAR"
[ ] "Automated incident response"
[ ] "Security pipeline integration"

Policy as Code Examples:

# OPA Rego policy
package kubernetes.admission

deny[msg] {
    input.request.kind.kind == "Pod"
    input.request.object.spec.containers[_].image
    not starts_with(input.request.object.spec.containers[_].image, "registry.secure.com/")
    msg := "Container images must come from approved registry"
}

deny[msg] {
    input.request.kind.kind == "Pod"
    input.request.object.spec.containers[_].securityContext.privileged == true
    msg := "Privileged containers are not allowed"
}

Week 19-20: Advanced Threat Detection¶

Search Keywords để học:

[ ] "SIEM security information event management"
[ ] "Security analytics and machine learning"
[ ] "Threat hunting methodologies"
[ ] "Behavioral analysis security"
[ ] "Anomaly detection algorithms"
[ ] "Threat intelligence integration"
[ ] "Security orchestration automation"
[ ] "Incident response automation"

📚 HANDS-ON PROJECTS¶

🔑 Secret Management Projects¶

Enterprise Secret Management Platform
Multi-environment Vault cluster
Dynamic secret generation
Automated secret rotation
Search: "HashiCorp Vault production setup"
Kubernetes Secret Management
External Secrets Operator setup
Vault integration with K8s
Secret rotation automation
Search: "Kubernetes external secrets vault"
CI/CD Secret Pipeline
Secure secret injection
Dynamic credential generation
Secret scanning automation
Search: "CI/CD secret management best practices"

🛡️ Security Scanning Projects¶

Comprehensive Security Pipeline
SAST, DAST, and container scanning
Automated vulnerability management
Security gates in CI/CD
Search: "DevSecOps security pipeline"
Infrastructure Security Monitoring
Continuous compliance scanning
CIS benchmark automation
Security dashboard creation
Search: "Infrastructure security automation"
Application Security Testing
API security testing automation
Dependency vulnerability tracking
Security code review automation
Search: "Application security testing automation"

📋 SKILL MASTERY CHECKLIST¶

Secret Management Expertise¶

[ ] Design enterprise secret architecture
[ ] Implement automated secret rotation
[ ] Configure multi-cloud secret management
[ ] Integrate secrets with CI/CD pipelines
[ ] Troubleshoot secret management issues
[ ] Optimize secret performance and costs

Security Scanning Mastery¶

[ ] Implement comprehensive scanning strategy
[ ] Configure automated vulnerability management
[ ] Create security gates and policies
[ ] Analyze and remediate security findings
[ ] Optimize scanning performance
[ ] Build security dashboards and reports

Compliance & Hardening Skills¶

[ ] Implement compliance automation
[ ] Design security baselines
[ ] Configure hardening standards
[ ] Create security policies as code
[ ] Monitor compliance drift
[ ] Automate remediation processes

🎓 CERTIFICATIONS & RESOURCES¶

Security Certifications¶

[ ] Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP)
[ ] AWS Certified Security - Specialty
[ ] Azure Security Engineer Associate
[ ] Google Cloud Professional Cloud Security Engineer
[ ] HashiCorp Certified: Vault Associate
[ ] Certified Kubernetes Security Specialist (CKS)

Essential Books¶

"The DevSecOps Handbook" - Gene Kim
"Security Engineering" - Ross Anderson
"Secrets of a Strong Security Culture" - Joe Basirico
"Building Secure and Reliable Systems" - Google SRE Team

Online Learning¶

"HashiCorp Vault Deep Dive" - A Cloud Guru
"DevSecOps Foundation" - DevOps Institute
"Security in DevOps" - Linux Academy
"Cloud Security" - Cloud Security Alliance

✅ DAILY PRACTICE ROUTINE¶

Morning Security Check (20 mins)¶

[ ] Review security alerts and incidents
[ ] Check vulnerability scan results
[ ] Validate secret rotation status
[ ] Monitor compliance dashboards

Active Security Work (60-90 mins)¶

[ ] Work on security automation projects
[ ] Analyze security findings
[ ] Improve security policies
[ ] Contribute to security tools

Evening Review (15 mins)¶

[ ] Document security learnings
[ ] Update security runbooks
[ ] Plan security improvements
[ ] Review security metrics

🎯 MASTERY MILESTONES¶

Month 2: Foundation¶

[ ] Understand security fundamentals
[ ] Basic secret management setup
[ ] Simple security scanning
[ ] Security awareness

Month 5: Intermediate¶

[ ] Production secret management
[ ] Automated security scanning
[ ] Compliance implementation
[ ] Security integration

Month 8: Advanced¶

[ ] Enterprise security architecture
[ ] Advanced threat detection
[ ] Security automation
[ ] Incident response

Month 10: Expert¶

[ ] Security strategy and planning
[ ] Tool evaluation and selection
[ ] Team mentoring
[ ] Industry contributions

Security Philosophy: "Security is not a product, but a process that must be integrated into every aspect of development and operations!"

🚀 Quick Start Action Plan¶

Day 1: Environment Setup¶

[ ] Install Vault, security scanning tools
[ ] Set up basic secret management
[ ] Run first security scans
[ ] Join security communities

Week 1 Goals¶

[ ] Complete basic security tutorials
[ ] Implement first secret management solution
[ ] Set up automated security scanning
[ ] Create security dashboard

Month 1 Targets¶

[ ] Production-ready secret management
[ ] Comprehensive security scanning pipeline
[ ] Basic compliance automation
[ ] Security incident response plan

Remember: Security is a journey, not a destination. Stay updated with latest threats and continuously improve your security posture!

Security Complete Learning Roadmap - Secret Management & Scanning/Hardening¶

🎯 Mục tiêu: Master DevSecOps Security trong 10-12 tháng¶

🔐 GIAI ĐOẠN 1: SECURITY FUNDAMENTALS (Tháng 1-2)¶

Week 1: Security Fundamentals¶

Week 2: Cryptography Basics¶

Week 3: Identity & Access Management¶

Week 4: Network Security Basics¶

🔑 GIAI ĐOẠN 2: SECRET MANAGEMENT MASTERY (Tháng 3-5)¶

Week 5: Secret Management Fundamentals¶

Week 6: HashiCorp Vault Fundamentals¶

Week 7: Vault Advanced Features¶

Week 8: Cloud Secret Management¶

Week 9: Kubernetes Secret Management¶

Week 10: Secret Management in CI/CD¶

🛡️ GIAI ĐOẠN 3: SECURITY SCANNING & HARDENING (Tháng 6-8)¶

Week 11: Security Scanning Fundamentals¶

Week 12: Container & Infrastructure Scanning¶

Week 13: Application Security Scanning¶

Week 14: Compliance & Hardening Standards¶

Week 15: Infrastructure Hardening¶

Week 16: Cloud Security Hardening¶

🔒 GIAI ĐOẠN 4: ADVANCED SECURITY AUTOMATION (Tháng 9-10)¶

Week 17-18: Security as Code¶

Week 19-20: Advanced Threat Detection¶

📚 HANDS-ON PROJECTS¶

🔑 Secret Management Projects¶

🛡️ Security Scanning Projects¶

📋 SKILL MASTERY CHECKLIST¶

Secret Management Expertise¶

Security Scanning Mastery¶

Compliance & Hardening Skills¶

🎓 CERTIFICATIONS & RESOURCES¶

Security Certifications¶

Essential Books¶

Online Learning¶

✅ DAILY PRACTICE ROUTINE¶

Morning Security Check (20 mins)¶

Active Security Work (60-90 mins)¶

Evening Review (15 mins)¶

🎯 MASTERY MILESTONES¶

Month 2: Foundation¶

Month 5: Intermediate¶

Month 8: Advanced¶

Month 10: Expert¶

🚀 Quick Start Action Plan¶

Day 1: Environment Setup¶

Week 1 Goals¶

Month 1 Targets¶

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